Toven:

[Weltall]

The moon, regardless of whether you're physically on it or not, still goes through its phases since those phases are caused directly by the Earth's shadow.

The phases are not caused by the Earth's shadow. They are caused by our view of the Moon relative to its position facing the Sun. The moon does not usually line up directly with the Earth relative to its orbit around the sun. We would have major lunar eclipses every month if that were the case.

From a lunar perspective, the Earth goes through phases. Certainly, it's not the moon's shadow causing them.